Equidistribution of random walks on compact groups II. The Wasserstein metric

Abstract

We consider a random walk ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{k}}$ with i.i.d. steps on a compact group equipped with a bi-invariant metric. We prove quantitative ergodic theorems for the sum ${\sum }_{\mathit{k}=1}^{\mathit{N}}\mathit{f}({\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{k}})$ with Hölder continuous test functions f, including the central limit theorem, the law of the iterated logarithm and an almost sure approximation by a Wiener process, provided that the distribution of ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{k}}$ converges to the Haar measure in the p-Wasserstein metric fast enough. As an example, we construct discrete random walks on an irrational lattice on the torus ${\mathbb{R}}^{\mathit{d}}/{\mathbb{Z}}^{\mathit{d}}$, and find their precise rate of convergence to uniformity in the p-Wasserstein metric. The proof uses a new Berry–Esseen type inequality for the p-Wasserstein metric on the torus, and the simultaneous Diophantine approximation properties of the lattice. These results complement the first part of this paper on random walks with an absolutely continuous component and quantitative ergodic theorems for Borel measurable test functions.