We define a moduli space of stable regular singular parabolic connections with given spectral type on smooth projective curves and show the smoothness of the moduli space and give a relative symplectic structure on the moduli space. Moreover, we define the isomonodromic deformation on this moduli space and prove the geometric Painlevé property of the isomonodromic deformation.

A quantity concerning the solutions of a quadratic Diophantine equation in $n$ variables coincides with a mass of a special orthogonal group of a quadratic form in dimension $n-1$, via the mass formula due to Shimura. We show an explicit formula for the quantity, assuming the maximality of a lattice in the $(n-1)$-dimensional quadratic space. The quantity is determined by the computation of a group index and of the mass of the genus of maximal lattices in that quadratic space. As applications of the result, we give the number of primitive solutions for the sum of $n$ squares with 6 or 8 and also the quantity in question for the sum of 10 squares.

We prove the convergence of $N$-particle systems of Brownian particles with logarithmic interaction potentials onto a system described by the infinite-dimensional stochastic differential equation (ISDE). For this proof we present two general theorems on the finite-particle approximations of interacting Brownian motions. In the first general theorem, we present a sufficient condition for a kind of tightness of solutions of stochastic differential equations (SDE) describing finite-particle systems, and prove that the limit points solve the corresponding ISDE. This implies, if in addition the limit ISDE enjoy a uniqueness of solutions, then the full sequence converges. We treat non-reversible case in the first main theorem. In the second general theorem, we restrict to the case of reversible particle systems and simplify the sufficient condition. We deduce the second theorem from the first. We apply the second general theorem to $\mathrm{Airy}_\beta$ interacting Brownian motion with $\beta=1, 2, 4$, and the Ginibre interacting Brownian motion. The former appears in the soft-edge limit of Gaussian (orthogonal/unitary/symplectic) ensembles in one spatial dimension, and the latter in the bulk limit of Ginibre ensemble in two spatial dimensions, corresponding to a quantum statistical system for which the eigen-value spectra belong to non-Hermitian Gaussian random matrices. The passage from the finite-particle stochastic differential equation (SDE) to the limit ISDE is a sensitive problem because the logarithmic potentials are long range and unbounded at infinity. Indeed, the limit ISDEs are not easily detectable from those of finite dimensions. Our general theorems can be applied straightforwardly to the grand canonical Gibbs measures with Ruelle-class potentials such as Lennard-Jones 6-12 potentials and and Riesz potentials.

In this article we prove new results on fundamental groups for some classes of fibered smooth projective algebraic surfaces with a finite group of automorphisms. The methods actually compute the fundamental groups of the surfaces under study upto finite index. The corollaries include an affirmative answer to Shafarevich conjecture on holomorphic convexity, Nori’s well-known question on fundamental groups and free abelianness of second homotopy groups for these surfaces. We also prove a theorem that bounds the multiplicity of the multiple fibers of a fibration for any algebraic surface with a finite group of automorphisms $G$ in terms of the multiplicities of the induced fibration on $X/G$. If $X/G$ is a $\mathbb{P}^1$-fibration, we show that the multiplicity actually divides $|G|$. This theorem on multiplicity, which is of independent interest, plays an important role in our theorems.

Let $X$ be a nonsingular variety defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$, and $D$ be a free divisor with Jacobian ideal of linear type. We compute the Chern class of the sheaf of logarithmic derivations along $D$ and compare it with the Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson class of the hypersurface complement. Our result establishes a conjecture by Aluffi raised in [Alu12b].

The main result of this note is that two blow-analytically equivalent real analytic plane function germs are sub-analytically bi-Lipschitz contact equivalent.

We prove derived equivalence of Calabi–Yau threefolds constructed by Ito–Miura–Okawa–Ueda as an example of non-birational Calabi–Yau varieties whose difference in the Grothendieck ring of varieties is annihilated by the affine line.

We prove that if $F$ is a foliation of a compact manifold $M$ with all leaves compact submanifolds, and the transverse saturated category of $F$ is finite, then the leaf space $M/F$ is compact Hausdorff. The proof is surprisingly delicate, and is based on some new observations about the geometry of compact foliations. The transverse saturated category of a compact Hausdorff foliation is always finite, so we obtain a new characterization of the compact Hausdorff foliations among the compact foliations as those with finite transverse saturated category.

We give some examples of four dimensional cusp singularities which are not of Hilbert modular type. We construct them, using quadratic cones and subgroups of reflection groups.

Ribbon tangles are proper embeddings of tori and cylinders in the 4-ball $B^4$, “bounding” 3-manifolds with only ribbon disks as singularities. We construct an Alexander invariant $\mathbf{A}$ of ribbon tangles equipped with a representation of the fundamental group of their exterior in a free abelian group $G$. This invariant induces a functor in a certain category $\mathbf{R}ib_G$ of tangles, which restricts to the exterior powers of Burau–Gassner representation for ribbon braids, that are analogous to usual braids in this context. We define a circuit algebra $\mathbf{C}ob_G$ over the operad of smooth cobordisms, inspired by diagrammatic planar algebras introduced by Jones [Jon99], and prove that the invariant $\mathbf{A}$ commutes with the compositions in this algebra. On the other hand, ribbon tangles admit diagrammatic representations, through welded diagrams. We give a simple combinatorial description of $\mathbf{A}$ and of the algebra $\mathbf{C}ob_G$, and observe that our construction is a topological incarnation of the Alexander invariant of Archibald [Arc10]. When restricted to diagrams without virtual crossings, $\mathbf{A}$ provides a purely local description of the usual Alexander poynomial of links, and extends the construction by Bigelow, Cattabriga and the second author [BCF15].

The parabolic Bloch space is the set of all solutions $u$ of the parabolic operator $L^{(\alpha)}$ with the finite Bloch norm $\| u \|_{\mathcal{B}_{\alpha} (\sigma)}$. In this paper, we introduce $L^{(\alpha)}$-conjugates of parabolic Bloch functions, and investigate several properties. As an application, we give an isomorphism theorem on parabolic Bloch spaces.

In this paper, we consider the scalar curvature of a self-shrinker and get the gap theorem of the scalar curvature. We get also a relationship between the upper bound of the square of the length of the second fundamental form and the Ricci mean value.

In this paper, we study random matrix models which are obtained as a non-commutative polynomial in random matrix variables of two kinds: (a) a first kind which have a discrete spectrum in the limit, (b) a second kind which have a joint limiting distribution in Voiculescu’s sense and are globally rotationally invariant. We assume that each monomial constituting this polynomial contains at least one variable of type (a), and show that this random matrix model has a set of eigenvalues that almost surely converges to a deterministic set of numbers that is either finite or accumulating to only zero in the large dimension limit. For this purpose we define a framework (cyclic monotone independence) for analyzing discrete spectra and develop the moment method for the eigenvalues of compact (and in particular Schatten class) operators. We give several explicit calculations of discrete eigenvalues of our model.

We study the maximal Salem degree of automorphisms of K3 surfaces via elliptic fibrations. In particular, we establish a characterization of such maximum in terms of elliptic fibrations with infinite automorphism groups. As an application, we show that any supersingular K3 surface in odd characteristic has an automorphism the entropy of which is the natural logarithm of a Salem number of degree 22.

Let $N$ (resp., $U$) be a manifold (resp., an open subset of ${\mathbb{R}}^m$). Let $f:N\to U$ and $F:U\to {\mathbb{R}}^\ell$ be an immersion and a $C^{\infty}$ mapping, respectively. Generally, the composition $F\circ f$ does not necessarily yield a mapping transverse to a given subfiber-bundle of $J^1(N,\mathbb{R}^\ell)$. Nevertheless, in this paper, for any $\mathcal{A}^1$-invariant fiber, we show that composing generic linearly perturbed mappings of $F$ and the given immersion $f$ yields a mapping transverse to the subfiber-bundle of $J^1(N,\mathbb{R}^\ell)$ with the given fiber. Moreover, we show a specialized transversality theorem on crossings of compositions of generic linearly perturbed mappings of a given mapping $F:U\to \mathbb{R}^\ell$ and a given injection $f:N\to U$. Furthermore, applications of the two main theorems are given.

We characterize common reducing subspaces of several weighted shifts with operator weights. As applications, we study the common reducing subspaces of the multiplication operators by powers of coordinate functions on Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions in several variables. The identification of reducing subspaces also leads to structure theorems for the commutants of von Neumann algebras generated by these multiplication operators. This general approach applies to weighted Hardy spaces, weighted Bergman spaces, Drury–Arveson spaces and Dirichlet spaces of the unit ball or polydisk uniformly.