Dimension reduction and variable selection in case control studies via regularized likelihood optimization

Abstract

Dimension reduction and variable selection are performed routinely in case-control studies, but the literature on the theoretical aspects of the resulting estimates is scarce. We bring our contribution to this literature by studying estimators obtained via ℓ₁ penalized likelihood optimization. We show that the optimizers of the ℓ₁ penalized retrospective likelihood coincide with the optimizers of the ℓ₁ penalized prospective likelihood. This extends the results of Prentice and Pyke (1979), obtained for non-regularized likelihoods. We establish both the sup-norm consistency of the odds ratio, after model selection, and the consistency of subset selection of our estimators. The novelty of our theoretical results consists in the study of these properties under the case-control sampling scheme. Our results hold for selection performed over a large collection of candidate variables, with cardinality allowed to depend and be greater than the sample size. We complement our theoretical results with a novel approach of determining data driven tuning parameters, based on the bisection method. The resulting procedure offers significant computational savings when compared with grid search based methods. All our numerical experiments support strongly our theoretical findings.