Uniform even subgraphs and graphical representations of Ising as factors of i.i.d.

Abstract

We prove that the Loop $O(1)$ model, a well-known graphical expansion of the Ising model, is a factor of i.i.d. on unimodular random rooted graphs under various conditions, including in the presence of a non-negative external field. As an application we show that the gradient of the free Ising model is a factor of i.i.d. on simply connected unimodular planar maps having a locally finite dual. The key idea is to develop an appropriate theory of local limits of uniform even subgraphs with various boundary conditions and prove that they can be sampled as a factor of i.i.d. Another key tool we exploit is that the wired uniform spanning tree on a unimodular transient graph is a factor of i.i.d. This partially answers some questions posed by Hutchcroft [33].