Abstract
We identify a representation problem involving the Radon transforms of signed measures on $\mathbb{R}^d$ of finite total variation. Specifically, if $\mu$ is a pointwise translate of $v$ (i.e., if for all $\theta \in S^{d - 1}$ the projection $\mu_\theta$ is a translate of $v_\theta$), must $\mu$ be a vector translate of $v$? We obtain results in several important special cases. Relating this to limit theorems, let $X_{n1}, \cdots, X_{nk_n}$ be a u.a.n. triangular array on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and put $S_n = X_{n1} + \cdots + X_{nk_n}$. There exist vectors $v_n \in \mathbb{R}^d$ such that $\mathscr{L}(S_n - v_n) \rightarrow \gamma$ iff (I) a tail probability condition, (II) a truncated variance condition, and (III) a centering condition hold. We find that condition (III) is superfluous in that (I) and (II) always imply (III) iff the limit law $\gamma$ has the property that the only infinitely divisible laws which are pointwise translates of $\gamma$ are vector translates. Not all infinitely divisible laws have this property. We characterize those which do. A physical interpretation of the pointwise translation problem in terms of the parallel beam x-ray transform is also discussed.
Citation
Marjorie G. Hahn. Peter Hahan. Michael J. Klass. "Pointwise Translation of the Radon Transform and the General Central Limit Problem." Ann. Probab. 11 (2) 277 - 301, May, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1214/aop/1176993597
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