Abstract
$2$-stratifolds are a generalization of $2$-manifolds in that there are disjoint simple closed branch curves. We obtain a list of all closed $3$-manifolds that have a $2$-stratifold as a spine.
Citation
J.C. Gómez-larrañaga. F. González-acuña. Wolfgang Heil. "2-stratifold spines of closed 3-manifolds." Osaka J. Math. 57 (2) 267 - 277, April 2020.