## The Annals of Probability

### General One-Sided Laws of the Iterated Logarithm

William E. Pruitt

#### Abstract

Let $\{X_i\}$ be a sequence of independent, identically distributed nondegenerate random variables and $S_n = \sum^n_{i = 1}X_i$. We consider the question for various centering sequences $\{\alpha_n\}$: when is it possible to find a positive, monotone sequence $\{\beta_n\}$ such that $\lim \sup \beta^{-1}_n (S_n - \alpha_n) = c$ a.s., $c$ a finite nonzero constant? If $\alpha_n = \operatorname{med} S_n$, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for this. An important corollary is a one-sided version of the Hartman-Wintner law of the iterated logarithm: if $E(X^+)^2 < \infty$, then it is always possible to find such a norming sequence. Explicit norming sequences are given which are easy to obtain. Necessary and sufficient conditions are also given for being able to find a norming sequence $\{\beta_n\}$ for the two-sided problem $(\lim \sup \beta^{-1}_n |S_n - \alpha_n| = c$ a.s.) when $\alpha_n = ES_n$ and $\alpha_n = 0$. The two-sided problem with $\alpha_n = \operatorname{med} S_n$ was solved by Kesten. The one-sided problem remains open for $\alpha_n = ES_n$ and $\alpha_n = 0$. Examples are given which illustrate the advantage of considering different centering sequences. A one-sided version of Strassen's converse to the law of the iterated logarithm is also given: if $\lim \sup S_n/ \sqrt{2n \log \log n} = 1$ a.s., then $EX = 0, EX^2 = 1$.

#### Article information

Source
Ann. Probab., Volume 9, Number 1 (1981), 1-48.

Dates
First available in Project Euclid: 19 April 2007

https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aop/1176994508

Digital Object Identifier
doi:10.1214/aop/1176994508

Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
MR606797

Zentralblatt MATH identifier
0462.60030

JSTOR

Subjects
Primary: 60F15: Strong theorems

#### Citation

Pruitt, William E. General One-Sided Laws of the Iterated Logarithm. Ann. Probab. 9 (1981), no. 1, 1--48. doi:10.1214/aop/1176994508. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aop/1176994508