Open Access
February 2017 Nonexistence of Lyapunov exponents for matrix cocycles
Xueting Tian
Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 53(1): 493-502 (February 2017). DOI: 10.1214/15-AIHP733

Abstract

It follows from Oseledec Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem (or Kingman’s Sub-additive Ergodic Theorem) that the Lyapunov-irregular set of points for which the Oseledec averages of a given continuous cocycle diverge has zero measure with respect to any invariant probability measure. In strong contrast, for any dynamical system $f:X\rightarrow X$ with exponential specification property and a Hölder continuous matrix cocycle $A:X\rightarrow \operatorname{GL}(m,\mathbb{R})$, we show here that if there exist ergodic measures with different Lyapunov spectrum, then the Lyapunov-irregular set of $A$ is residual (i.e., containing a dense $G_{\delta}$ set). Here we point out that exponential specification is introduced and plays critical role, and it is still unknown whether specification is enough. The above result can be used not only for all mixing hyperbolic systems but also for some non-hyperbolic systems.

Le théorème ergodique multiplicatif d’Oseledets (ou le théorème ergodique sous-additif de Kingman) implique que l’ensemble Lyapounov-irrégulier (les points pour lesquels la moyenne d’Oseledets d’un cocycle continu donné diverge) est de mesure nulle pour toute mesure de probabilité invariante. Par contraste avec ce fait, nous montrons que pour tout système dynamique $f:X\rightarrow X$ satisfaisant la spécification exponentielle, et pour tout cocycle de matrices $A:X\rightarrow \operatorname{GL}(m,\mathbb{R})$ Hölder continu, s’il existe des mesures ergodiques avec des spectres de Lyapounov distincts, alors l’ensemble Lyapounov-irrégulier de $A$ est résiduel (i.e., il contient un $G_{\delta}$-dense). Nous mettons donc en évidence le rôle critique de la spécification exponentielle. Il n’est pas connu si cette propriété est suffisante. Notre résultat s’applique à tous les systèmes hyperboliques mélangeants et à certains systèmes non-hyperboliques.

Citation

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Xueting Tian. "Nonexistence of Lyapunov exponents for matrix cocycles." Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 53 (1) 493 - 502, February 2017. https://doi.org/10.1214/15-AIHP733

Information

Received: 25 July 2015; Revised: 16 November 2015; Accepted: 20 November 2015; Published: February 2017
First available in Project Euclid: 8 February 2017

zbMATH: 1365.37047
MathSciNet: MR3606750
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/15-AIHP733

Subjects:
Primary: 37C50 , 37D20 , 37D25 , 37H15

Keywords: (Exponential) specification property , Kingman’s Sub-additive Ergodic Theorem , Lyapunov exponents and cocycles , Oseledec Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem , Uniformly hyperbolic systems

Rights: Copyright © 2017 Institut Henri Poincaré

Vol.53 • No. 1 • February 2017
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